Element Beryllium, Be, Alkaline Earth Metal. Occupies the same position among the alkaline earth metals as lithium does among the alkali metals. Its combining weight is the smallest, and its similarity to the other elements of the group is least. Its properties exhibit a distinct tendency towards the next group, that of the earth metals. The combining weight of beryllium amounts to 9. Besides the typical divalent ion Be. Beryllion forms various salts, of which the chloride, Be. And the sulphate, Be.

Element Boron, B, Metalloid. Among the non-metallic elements, boron. Containing carbon, and obtained from the two elements at a very high temperature, is of a similar character, and also possesses an adamantine hardness. This also ought most probably to be regarded as a solid solution, and not as a chemical compound. The combining weight of boron is B. Have been known of for thousands of years. Century a substance was disengaged from burah. Which was called boronic acid. And Davy called it boron.

Element Calcium, Ca, Alkaline Earth Metal. The element also takes part in the most varied way in the building up of the organisms. Calcium has also been found in meteorites, and by spectral analysis in the sun and fixed stars.

Element Chromium, Cr, Transition Metal. Chromium is closely related to manganese in the number of the series of compounds which it forms. Whereas, however, in the case of manganese, the acids corresponding to the higher stages of oxidation were somewhat unstable, these belong in the case of chromium to the most important and best-known compounds. Salts of the divalent dichromion, Cr. Salts of the trivalent trichromion, Cr.

Element Cobalt, Co, Transition Metal. Have been known for millennia. Glass ingots have been recovered from Egyptian ancientries such as jar dating to the 15. , in coloring of which cobalt salts. Had been used, as well as in the cobalt. Ancient Assyrians and Babylonians used to produce blue paints which were used for ceramics glazing. Contained sapphire was the initial material from which the names of blue paints came.

Element Copper, Cu, Transition Metal. Between the metals of the new group, which is called after copper. Of the heavy metals already discussed, copper. Besides being used in the pure state, copper. Is also extensively employed for alloys. Brass has already been mentioned; others will be given later. Of the Sinai Peninsula were extensively worked by the Egyptians about the year 3700 b. Must have been known in Cyprus for many centuries previous to their production. Copper daggers found in Northern Italy .

Element Iron, Fe Ferrum, Transition Metal. In the heat essentially compounds of the formula Fe. Are formed; in the cold, iron hydroxide, Fe.

Element Lithium, Li, Alkali Metal. From the compounds of the other alkali metals, those of lithium were distinguished by Arfvedson in 1817. Elementary lithium was first prepared in 1855 by Bunsen and Matthiessen, by the electrolysis of the chloride. Like the other alkali metals, lithium forms a monovalent, colourless ion Li. He also showed that this element is found within the minerals spodumene. By its geochemical properties lithium belongs.

Element Manganese, Mn, Transition Metal. The element manganese is very closely related to iron. It differs from it in being more readily oxidised, and in its higher compounds being more readily formed than in the case of iron. For the rest, the corresponding compounds of manganese and iron are very similar to one another, and in many cases are isomorphous. In nature, manganese occurs very widely distributed, but is much less abundant than iron. It is found chiefly as manganese peroxide, Mn.